Toxic Mold or Harmless? A Guide to Identifying Mold Types

by Paul Mankin

Toxic Mold or Harmless? A Guide to Identifying Mold Types

Mold grows where moisture lingers—on walls, ceilings, and hidden corners of a home. Some molds are harmless, but others release toxins that affect air quality and health. Identifying mold early helps prevent health risks and property damage. 

The challenge is that not all mold looks dangerous. In this guide, you’ll learn how to spot mold, tell the difference between toxic and non-toxic mold, and what to do if you find it.

Why Identifying Mold Types Is Important

Some types of mold grow harmlessly in damp areas, while others release toxins into the air. The difference matters. Knowing what’s in your home helps you decide what to clean up, monitor, or remove professionally.

Mold thrives in water-damaged areas, spreading through drywall, ceiling tiles, and HVAC systems. Some molds stain surfaces, while others release airborne spores that spread through your home.

Mold testing helps confirm what you’re dealing with. Mold inspection and remediation prevent small problems from becoming infestations. A quick bleach wipe won’t fix a toxic mold problem. Knowing the species of mold in your space helps you take the right action.

8 Types of Dangerous Molds 

Some mold types cause allergies, while others release toxins that impact air quality, immune function, and lung health. Here are eight common types of mold that may pose a risk to human health.

1. Stachybotrys Chartarum (Toxic Black Mold)

This mold is infamous. It’s often called toxic black mold, but it isn’t always black. It can appear dark green or even grayish. Unlike mildew, which stays on surfaces, Stachybotrys sinks deep into drywall, wood, and ceiling tiles.

It thrives in high-moisture environments, especially those with water damage. Flooded homes, leaky pipes, and poorly ventilated basements are prime spots. It produces mycotoxins, which can affect the nervous system and immune response.

This mold needs constant dampness to grow. It doesn’t spread as fast as some types, but it’s hard to remove once established without professional remediation.

2. Aspergillus

Aspergillus is one of the most common household molds. It spreads easily, especially through HVAC systems and air ducts. If the air smells musty, mold spores could already be circulating.

There are over 180 species of Aspergillus, and some are more harmful than others. Certain strains release toxins that can cause lung infections, like aspergillosis. People with weakened immune systems are at higher risk.

It appears in many colors—yellow, green, brown, or white. It often grows in damp walls, insulation, and household dust. Prolonged exposure can lead to respiratory problems, sneezing, and long-term lung irritation.

3. Chaetomium

Chaetomium loves water-damaged materials. It grows on drywall, wallpaper, and carpets, making it a problem in flooded homes or buildings with roof leaks.

It starts off white and cotton-like, then turns dark green or black. A strong, musty odor is a key sign of its presence. The smell means mold growth is happening behind walls or under floors.

Chaetomium produces spores that can trigger allergic reactions, sinus infections, and persistent headaches. It thrives in damp basements and poorly ventilated areas. Over time, it weakens building materials, leading to structural damage.

4. Cladosporium

This common mold spreads fast. It thrives in curtains, carpets, wooden surfaces, and upholstered furniture. Basements, bathrooms, and poorly ventilated attics are common trouble spots.

Cladosporium can grow in hot and cold environments, unlike molds that prefer warm conditions. Its airborne spores can cause runny noses, sneezing, itchy eyes, and asthma flare-ups.

It appears in olive-green, brown, or black patches. Its suede-like texture makes it easy to mistake for dirt or mildew. Once it takes hold, mold removal from fabric and porous surfaces is difficult.

5. Fusarium

Fusarium is different. It doesn’t need warmth to survive. It can grow in cold, damp conditions, making humidifiers, basements, and refrigerators common places for it to spread.

It’s linked to lung infections, skin rashes, and eye irritation. In extreme cases, some Fusarium strains produce toxins that affect the bloodstream, leading to serious health risks.

Unlike most green or black molds, Fusarium often appears white, pink, or reddish. This makes it easier to spot but just as dangerous.

6. Alternaria

Alternaria is one of the most widespread molds found in indoor and outdoor environments. It’s common in showers, kitchens, and damp window sills.

It spreads through airborne spores, affecting indoor air quality. It’s a leading cause of mold-related asthma, respiratory irritation, and allergy symptoms.

It has a dark green or brown velvety texture. If it’s on a surface, spores are likely in the air. People with pre-existing respiratory conditions should be especially cautious around Alternaria growth.

7. Penicillium

Penicillium spreads fast. It thrives in damp insulation, carpets, and wallpaper. 

It looks blue-green with a powdery texture. Unlike black mold, it prefers cooler spaces. Basements and refrigerators are common trouble spots.

Long-term mold exposure can weaken the immune system and contribute to other health problems. It may trigger allergic reactions, sinus infections, and breathing issues. The airborne spores make it easy for this mold to spread through a home.

8. Trichoderma

Trichoderma grows aggressively. It spreads fast on wood, fabrics, and HVAC systems. Airborne spores carry it through humid environments.

It starts white, then turns green and woolly. It’s hard to clean and often returns if moisture remains. Some strains release toxins that can weaken the immune system and inflame the lungs. Left unchecked, it can break down wood and drywall, causing structural damage.

Handling Mold Safely and What You Can Do if You Find It in Your Home

Mold doesn’t wait. It spreads through walls, carpets, and air vents, thriving in moist, poorly ventilated spaces. If you find mold, you must take action quickly to avoid serious health issues. Toxic mold, like Stachybotrys, requires professional mold remediation.

Start with documentation. Take clear photos and videos of the mold, water damage, and affected areas. Keep records of health symptoms, medical visits, and any communication with your landlord or property manager. If repairs are ignored, written proof can strengthen your legal case.

You may have legal options if your landlord refuses to fix the issue. Book a free consultation today to review your case.

by Paul Mankin

11 Warning Signs of Mold Toxicity and How to Detox

Mold hides in walls, carpets, and air vents, spreading mold spores into the air. You breathe them in without noticing. Over time, mycotoxins from toxic mold can build up in your body and immune system, leading to health problems. 

If you’ve been exposed to water damage, damp environments, or mold growth, it’s important to understand the risks. This guide will teach you how to recognize mold toxicity, what detox methods work, and how to protect yourself from future exposure to dampness.

11 Symptoms of Mold Exposure

Mold exposure isn’t always obvious. You may not see it, but mold spores in the air can trigger health issues over time. Here are 11 common effects of mold:

1. Chronic Fatigue

You wake up tired, and no amount of sleep helps. Your body feels drained like it’s running on empty. Mold exposure can weaken the immune system and disrupt cellular energy production. Over time, this leads to chronic fatigue, making even simple tasks feel exhausting.

2. Brain Fog

Your thoughts feel slow, like wading through mud. You forget words mid-sentence. Conversations feel harder to follow. Mycotoxins from toxic mold interfere with brain function, leading to mental sluggishness. This can mimic symptoms of early cognitive decline.

3. Sinus Issues and Nasal Congestion

Constant sneezing, runny nose, or sinus pressure may not be allergies. Mold exposure inflames the sinus cavities, making breathing harder. Mold spores can settle in the nasal passages, triggering chronic inflammation. Some people develop frequent sinus infections, while others notice a stuffy nose that never clears.

4. Shortness of Breath

Mold spores from molecular components of Aspergillus and Alternaria irritate the lungs and airways, leading to wheezing, coughing, or chest tightness. For some, it mimics asthma attacks. If breathing feels harder indoors but improves outside, your home may have mold contamination. Over time, exposure can lead to long-term respiratory problems.

5. Persistent Headaches

Dull pressure, a throbbing pain, and migraines that won’t go away. Toxic mold triggers inflammation that can lead to frequent headaches. Some indoor molds, like Stachybotrys chartarum (black mold), Cladosporium, and Penicillium, release neurotoxic mycotoxins that affect the nervous system.

6. Skin Rashes and Irritation

You have red, itchy patches or hives that won’t heal. Mold toxins can irritate the skin and trigger rashes, eczema, or hives. If you develop unexplained skin reactions, mold exposure could be weakening your immune system. Toxins stored in the body can also cause skin detox reactions, leading to flare-ups even after leaving a moldy environment.

7. Muscle Weakness and Joint Pain

Your body feels stiff, and your muscles ache for no reason. Mold-related inflammation can cause joint pain, muscle weakness, and stiffness. It mimics autoimmune diseases, leading some to believe they have arthritis or fibromyalgia.

8. Digestive Issues

Bloating, nausea after eating, and stomach cramps that come and go are common symptoms of mold exposure. Mold can disrupt the gut microbiome, leading to digestive dysfunction. Some types of mold produce toxins that trigger food sensitivities, making it harder to tolerate gluten, dairy, or processed foods.

9. Sensitivity to Light and Sound

Bright lights feel overwhelming. Loud noises make you tense and anxious. Strong smells trigger headaches or dizziness. Mold toxins affect the nervous system, making it harder for your brain to filter out sensory input. This leads to hypersensitivity to light, sound, and even electronic screens.

10. Mood Swings and Anxiety

Sudden irritability, panic attacks, or depression may not be stress. Mold exposure disrupts brain chemistry, affecting mood regulation. Mycotoxin exposure can trigger anxiety, anger, or sadness with no clear cause. Some people feel easily overwhelmed or emotionally unstable in moldy environments.

11. Frequent Infections and Weakened Immunity

You catch every cold, flu, or sinus infection that goes around. Your body takes longer to recover. Mold weakens the immune system, making fighting viruses, bacteria, and other pathogens harder.

How to Detox Mold from the Body 

Mold toxins don’t leave on their own. They settle in fat cells, organs, and the nervous system. Here are a few methods of mold detox:

1. Hydration and Flush Support

Water moves mycotoxins out of the body. Dehydration slows detox, allowing mold toxins to linger. Drink filtered water throughout the day. Add electrolytes or lemon to support cellular hydration. 

2. Detoxifying Foods and Supplements

Food is medicine. The right nutrients help the body break down and eliminate mold toxins. Here are some you should focus on getting:

• Glutathione: The body’s master antioxidant. It supports liver detox and helps clear heavy metals and mold toxins
• Chlorella and Spirulina: Bind to toxins and help remove them from cells and tissues
• Garlic, Ginger, and Turmeric: Reduce inflammation and support immune system function
• Probiotics: Balance the gut microbiome, restoring good bacteria lost due to mold exposure

3. Binders for Mycotoxin Removal

Binders help trap mold toxins in the gut so they don’t get reabsorbed into the bloodstream. You can ask your doctor about adding these ones to your diet:

Activated charcoal absorbs toxins, heavy metals, and chemicals. It’s best taken on an empty stomach. Bentonite clay is another you can try. It binds to toxins in the digestive tract and supports gut health. Zeolite may also work for you. It’s a natural volcanic mineral that helps remove mold spores and mycotoxins

4. Sweating and Exercise

Mold toxins leave the body through sweat. Movement stimulates the lymphatic system, helping remove stored toxins. The following methods are known to promote sweating:

• Sauna therapy: A dry or infrared sauna can speed up mold detoxification
• Cardio and strength training: Boosts circulation and immune function
• Rebounding (mini-trampoline): Helps move toxins through the lymphatic system

5. Liver and Gut Support

The liver processes mycotoxins, but mold exposure can overload it. Supporting the liver and gut improves detox. Ask your doctor about steps you can take to improve your liver health or diets you can follow to give your gut a break. 

6. Medical Testing and Functional Medicine Support

Not all mold exposure looks the same. A mold toxicity test can identify specific mycotoxins in the body.

• Urine mycotoxin tests: Show how mold is affecting detox pathways
• Bloodwork: Tests for inflammatory markers, immune function, and mold-related illness
• Functional medicine evaluation: Addresses the root cause and provides holistic treatment options

Review Your Case with a Legal Mold Attorney Today

Mold can destroy property, drain finances, and disrupt daily life. You may have a case if your landlord ignored the issue or mold exposure caused medical bills, lost wages, or damage to your home.

A legal review can help you understand your options and next steps. Book a free consultation with the Law Office of Paul Mankin today.

by Paul Mankin

Mold Problems in Apartments: When You Can Take Legal Action

Landlords have a duty to provide a safe and healthy living environment. Rental units must meet health and safety standards, and tenants have rights when those standards are ignored. If conditions in your apartment put your health or property at risk, you may have legal options.

Understanding tenant rights, landlord responsibilities, and legal options can help you take the right steps. If your landlord won’t fix a serious issue, you may be able to seek repairs, compensation, or legal action.

In this guide, you’ll learn when landlords are responsible for repairs, how to document your case, and what legal steps you can take if they refuse to act.

Common Mold Issues Tenants Face

Mold grows when moisture lingers. It spreads through mold spores, often hiding in basements, walls, and under sinks. Mold can come from leaky pipes, poor ventilation, or past water damage in rental properties. Some types, like Stachybotrys chartarum (black mold), can pose serious health risks.

How Mold Affects Living Conditions

A mold problem can ruin personal property, weaken walls, and lower air quality. It often leaves a musty smell and stains on walls or ceilings. In severe cases, it can cause structural damage that requires major repairs.

Mold-Related Health Problems 

Mold exposure can cause respiratory issues, rashes, and allergic reactions. Long-term contact with toxic mold may lead to chronic cough, headaches, or even medical expenses for ongoing care. People with weakened immune systems or pre-existing health issues are at greater risk.

If mold keeps returning or spreads to multiple rooms, it may require professional mold remediation. A mold inspection can confirm the severity of the issue. Left untreated, mold can lead to property damage and unsafe living conditions.

Can You Sue Your Landlord for Mold? 

Your landlord has a legal duty to provide safe and livable housing. They may be responsible if water damage, leaks, or neglect causes mold in your rental unit. In some cases, you can take legal action to recover medical expenses, property damage, and other losses.

When You Can Sue

You may have a mold lawsuit if:

• Your landlord ignored visible mold, water leaks, or damp conditions
• The mold caused respiratory problems, rashes, and other health issues
• You had to pay for mold remediation or lost personal property due to toxic mold exposure
• Your apartment became uninhabitable, forcing you to move or cover unexpected costs

Mold Laws and Legal Options

Some states, like California and Florida, have specific mold disclosure laws. In severe mold cases, tenants may sue for negligence, breach of contract, or personal injury. Compensation may cover:

• Medical records and healthcare costs linked to mold exposure
• Property damage from mold ruining furniture, clothing, or belongings
• Legal fees and renter’s insurance claims tied to mold-related disputes

Steps to Take Before Filing a Lawsuit

If your landlord won’t fix a mold problem, you need proof before taking legal action. A strong case requires documentation, third-party verification, and legal advice.

Document the Mold and Its Impact

Evidence is key in any mold lawsuit. Start by taking clear photos and videos of visible mold, water damage, and leaks. Capture images of discolored walls, ceiling stains, and damp floors. If mold is spreading behind appliances, furniture, or inside cabinets, document that too.

Health issues matter as well. Keep a written record if you or your family develop rashes, respiratory problems, or worsening allergies. Track doctor visits, medications, and any medical expenses related to mold exposure. These records can link health problems to the mold in your rental unit.

Communication with your landlord is also important. Send written requests about the mold issue and save copies of emails, texts, or letters. This documentation will strengthen your case if your landlord ignores the problem or refuses to act.

Get a Mold Inspection 

Mold is hard to fight without proof. A mold test can confirm the presence of toxic mold, like Stachybotrys chartarum. Some landlords claim mold is “just mildew” or “not serious”—an inspection can prove otherwise.

Hire a certified mold inspector to assess your home’s mold growth and air quality. They will test for mold spores and identify hidden mold behind walls, carpets, or ventilation systems. Contact the health department for an evaluation if you can’t afford a private inspection. Their official report can serve as legal evidence of unsafe living conditions.

Review Tenant Rights and Legal Options

In California, the implied warranty of habitability protects tenants from dangerous living conditions. If mold makes your unit unsafe, you may have the right to take action.

Your legal options may include:

• Requesting mold remediation: Your landlord must fix the issue at their own expense if it results from leaks, water damage, or poor maintenance.
• Breaking your lease without penalty: If the mold is severe and unaddressed, you may be able to move out without owing rent.
• Withholding rent until repairs are made: In some limited cases, tenants may be able to withhold rent due to mold. However, this is risky and should only be done after getting legal advice. 

Each state has different landlord-tenant laws, so check local regulations before taking action.

Consult an Experienced Attorney

If your landlord refuses to act, legal advice can help. A law firm specializing in landlord-tenant disputes can review your lease agreement, mold inspection reports, and medical records. They will determine if you have a case for property damage, personal injury, or wrongful eviction.

An experienced attorney can also negotiate with your landlord or help you file a mold lawsuit. If mold exposure leads to medical expenses, lost wages, or damage to your personal property, legal action may be the best way to recover costs.

Contact Our Team of Mold Attorneys for a Review Today

Mold can ruin your health, your home, and your peace of mind. If your landlord ignores the problem, you may have the right to take legal action. Medical bills, lost wages, and property damage add up. You shouldn’t have to pay for their neglect.

A free consultation can help you understand your rights. Bring your photos, medical records, and mold inspection reports.

Mold problems usually get worse with time. Contact the Law Office of Paul Mankin today to discuss your options. Our team can help you build a strong case.

by Paul Mankin

How Mold Affects the Brain: Neurological Symptoms You Should Know

Mold grows in damp corners and water-damaged buildings. It spreads through mold spores and mycotoxins, affecting the air you breathe. When mold enters the body, it can reach the nervous system and impact brain function.

Over time, exposure can lead to changes in cognitive function and overall health.

In this guide, you’ll learn how to identify neurological symptoms of mold exposure. You’ll also explore how mold affects the brain and what steps to take next.

What Are the Neurological Symptoms of Black Mold Exposure?

Mold spores and mycotoxins from water-damaged buildings enter the body through indoor air, triggering neurological symptoms. Over time, this exposure can lead to memory loss, cognitive impairment, and coordination problems.

Memory and Cognitive Issues

Toxic molds like Stachybotrys chartarum and Aspergillus release mold toxins that may cross the blood-brain barrier. These toxins disrupt the hippocampus, the brain’s center for memory, learning, and problem-solving.

People with mold growth exposure often struggle with:

• Difficulties with memory: Forgetting names, dates, and recent events
• Brain fog: A constant feeling of mental exhaustion
• Confusion: Difficulty processing thoughts or following conversations
• Inattention: Losing focus quickly, struggling to stay on task
• Problem-solving impairments: Trouble organizing thoughts or making decisions
• Disorientation: Feeling lost in familiar places
• Impaired hand-eye coordination: Slower reaction times and clumsiness

Cognitive decline from mold illness can resemble early Alzheimer’s or neurological disorders.

Neurological Deficits and Coordination Problems

Mold toxins can disrupt the central nervous system, leading to nerve dysfunction and motor issues. Over time, the damage can cause neuropathy, which affects movement and sensory function.

Common symptoms include:

• Vertigo: A spinning sensation, even when still
• Sensations of dizziness: Feeling off-balance or lightheaded
• Ataxia (lack of muscle coordination): Trouble walking, frequent stumbling
• Numbness and tingling: Loss of feeling in fingers, toes, or limbs
• Internal vibration: A buzzing or shaking sensation inside the body
• Sharp pain: Sudden nerve pain in different areas of the body
• Tinnitus (ringing in the ears): Persistent ringing, buzzing, or clicking sounds
• Photophobia (sensitivity to light): Discomfort in bright rooms or outdoors
• Changes in smell and taste: Food tasting different, sudden loss of smell

Chronic Headaches and Migraines

Inflammation caused by mold toxins can trigger persistent headaches and migraines. Ochratoxin and other mold metabolites have been linked to chronic fatigue and widespread pain disorders.

Mold-related headaches often worsen in damp or water-damaged buildings. They may feel far more intense in rooms with poor indoor air quality. You may notice your symptoms Improve after spending time outside or in mold-free spaces

Long-Term Neurological Risks

Prolonged mold toxicity has been linked to serious neurological diseases.

Parkinson’s disease, for example, has been associated with mold exposure in past studies. Damage to dopamine-producing brain cells may develop into tremors and slow movement. Alzheimer’s disease may be another mold-associated condition marked by increased brain inflammation and memory loss.

Exposure to mold may also play a role in Multiple sclerosis (MS). There is a possible link between autoimmune activation and chronic mold exposure.

Can Mold Cause Behavior Problems, Seizures, or Mood Changes? 

Mold can also change how you think and feel. Mycotoxins from mold exposure can disrupt the nervous system, leading to mood swings and cognitive dysfunction. The brain, especially the hippocampus, is sensitive to black mold and Aspergillus toxins.

Mood and Emotional Changes

Toxic mold can cause:

• Irritability and mood swings: Sudden frustration or emotional outbursts
• Anxiety and panic attacks: Increased stress levels with no clear trigger
• Depression: Persistent sadness, loss of motivation, or withdrawal from daily activities

These symptoms may stem from inflammatory responses in the brain. Mold toxins can also weaken the immune system, making the body less able to regulate mood and stress levels.

Cognitive and Behavioral Issues

Exposure to mold spores in water-damaged buildings has been linked to:

• Increased aggression or impulsivity: Acting out without clear reason
• Lack of focus or hyperactivity: Struggling to complete tasks, similar to ADHD
• Brain fog and memory loss: Difficulty processing thoughts and recalling information

Studies suggest mold-related neurological symptoms can mimic neurodevelopmental disorders in children. Mycotoxin exposure may contribute to learning deficits and cognitive impairment.

Seizures and Neurological Dysfunction

In extreme cases, mold toxicity may trigger seizures or tremors. Some researchers believe mold toxins like ochratoxin can damage brain cells. This may lead to nervous system disorders. Long-term exposure could raise the risk of neuropathy, Parkinson’s, and other degenerative diseases.

Diagnosing and Treating Mold-Related Neurological Symptoms

Mold exposure can cause serious neurological symptoms. Many cases are misattributed to stress, aging, or unrelated conditions.

How Mold-Related Neurological Symptoms Are Diagnosed

Doctors may use several methods to identify mold-related illness and its effects on the nervous system:

• Blood tests: Detect antibodies, inflammatory markers, and mycotoxins.
• Neurocognitive exams: Assess memory, problem-solving, and cognitive function.
• MRI or brain scans: Identify abnormalities in the hippocampus and central nervous system.
• Mycotoxin exposure tests: Measure levels of ochratoxin, aspergillus, and penicillium toxins.

Mold Remediation and Legal Action

Removing indoor mold is key to recovery. Mold remediation specialists assess mold contamination, identify sources of dampness, and recommend treatments. If a landlord or property owner fails to address water damage, legal action may be an option.

Proper documentation can support a legal claim with:

• Medical records linking symptoms to mold exposure
• Environmental tests showing high mold levels in living spaces
• Reports from neurologists or healthcare professionals confirming mold toxicity

A lawsuit may help recover medical costs, lost wages, and damages for long-term neurological effects.

Treatment Options for Mold Toxicity 

Once exposure stops, treatment focuses on detoxifying the body and restoring brain function:

• Anti-inflammatory therapies: Reduce immune system activation and neurological dysfunction.
• Cognitive rehabilitation: Help rebuild memory and cognitive skills.
• Medications and supplements: Support neuropathy, chronic fatigue, and immune response.

Reach Out to Our Legal Team Today

Mold exposure can change your health, your memory, and your future. You may have a case if a landlord or property owner ignores the problem. Medical bills, lost wages, and long-term care costs add up. You shouldn’t have to pay for their negligence.

A free consultation can help you understand your rights. Gather your medical records, mold inspection reports, and any proof of unsafe conditions. The right legal team can help you build a strong case.

Don’t wait. Contact the Law Office of Paul Mankin today to discuss your options.

by Paul Mankin

Mold Symptoms in Kids: How to Spot the Warning Signs

Mold grows in basements, bathrooms, and anywhere with excess moisture. It spreads through mold spores, affecting indoor air quality and creating hidden health risks. Children are especially vulnerable because their immune systems are still developing.

If mold is in your home, it could be affecting your child’s health and well-being. Black mold (Stachybotrys chartarum) and other types of mold thrive in damp environments, often going unnoticed until problems arise.

In this guide, you’ll learn how to identify mold exposure in kids, when to seek help, and what steps to take if mold is found in your home.

What Causes Mold Exposure in Children?

Mold needs moisture, warmth, and organic material to grow. It thrives in basements, bathrooms, attics, and areas with poor ventilation. 

Common Sources of Mold Growth

Leaks and Water Damage	Leaky pipes, cracked roofs, and broken windows let water seep in. Damp drywall, wood, and insulation become breeding grounds for mold spores. A slow drip under a sink or a hidden leak behind a wall can turn into a full-blown infestation before you notice it.
Indoor Humidity	Air conditioners, exhaust fans, and dehumidifiers help, but when they fail, mold spreads. Condensation on windows, musty odors, and damp walls mean trouble. Poor airflow traps moisture, giving mold a place to grow.
Household Materials	Mold doesn’t always grow where you can see it. It spreads inside drywall, carpets, and furniture. HVAC systems and air ducts push mold spores through your home. By the time you see stains, the problem runs deep.
Mildew and Mold in Damp Areas	Bathrooms, kitchens, and crawl spaces are mold hotspots. Shower walls, tile grout, and under sinks collect moisture. Mildew starts on the surface, but if ignored, it spreads into walls and floors.

Why Children Are at Higher Risk

Children breathe faster and have weaker immune systems. This makes them more sensitive to indoor mold and airborne allergens. Black mold and other types of mold release mycotoxins, which affect children’s health more than adults.

Common Black Mold Symptoms in Kids 

Mold exposure doesn’t always cause immediate symptoms. It builds up over time and can affect children’s health in different ways. 

Early signs of Mold Exposure

• Sneezing and runny nose ─ Often mistaken for seasonal allergies.
• Itchy eyes and watery eyes ─ A reaction to airborne mold particles.
• Sore throat and coughing ─ Mold in air conditioners, basements, and damp areas can irritate the throat.
• Skin rashes ─ Contact with black mold or Penicillium can cause redness and itching.

Respiratory Issues from Mold Growth

• Shortness of breath and wheezing: Mold spores can inflame airways, especially in kids with asthma.
• Sinus congestion and pressure: Indoor mold can trigger sinus flare-ups and hypersensitivity pneumonitis.
• Persistent cough: Toxic black mold can cause long-lasting irritation.

When to Seek Medical Help for Mold Exposure

Mild symptoms can be frustrating. Severe symptoms can be dangerous. Mold exposure affects everyone differently, but some reactions require urgent care.

Severe Symptoms That Need Immediate Attention

Children with weakened immune systems, asthma, or mold allergies are at higher risk for serious complications. Hypersensitivity pneumonitis, a lung condition caused by mold inhalation, can develop over time. The CDC and EPA recommend immediate medical attention for children with worsening symptoms, such as:

• Shortness of breath or wheezing that doesn’t stop
• Severe sinus pain or pressure that won’t go away
• Persistent rashes, hives, or swelling
• Memory loss, confusion, or neurological symptoms linked to toxic black mold
• Fever, dizziness, or chest tightness from prolonged mold exposure

Mycotoxins and Mold Poisoning

Some molds, like Stachybotrys chartarum and Aspergillus, produce mycotoxins that can affect the nervous system and respiratory health. Long-term exposure may lead to:

• Neurological issues such as dizziness or tremors
• Chronic respiratory illness that doesn’t improve
• Severe allergic reactions that worsen with exposure

Document Everything for Medical and Legal Records 

If a pediatrician diagnoses mold-related health problems, keep detailed records. Medical reports, discharge paperwork, and prescriptions can be critical in legal cases. If mold growth is linked to water damage, excess moisture, or poor indoor air quality, it can be a serious issue. A mold remediation report can strengthen a case against a negligent landlord.

If mold in your home has caused serious health problems, legal action may be an option. Contact a mold attorney to review your case and explore your rights.

FAQs About Children and Mold

Can mold exposure affect a child’s sleep?

Yes. Mold spores cause stuffy noses, coughing, and breathing issues. Kids with mold allergies may wake up with itchy eyes, sore throat, or headaches. Poor air quality can also trigger asthma flare-ups at night.

How long does it take for mold to affect a child’s health?

It depends. Some kids react immediately with sneezing or itchy eyes. Others develop respiratory problems after weeks or months of exposure. Black mold can cause long-term health issues if left untreated.

Can mold exposure cause stomach problems?

Toxic mold can lead to nausea, vomiting, and digestive issues. Some kids develop food sensitivities or gut inflammation after long-term exposure.

Does mold exposure make children more likely to get sick?

Mold weakens the immune system. Kids exposed to indoor mold may get more colds, sinus infections, and breathing problems.

Can cleaning mold make symptoms worse?

Scrubbing mold releases spores into the air, which can trigger coughing, allergy symptoms, and asthma attacks. When cleaning, use ventilation, exhaust fans, and a dehumidifier. For large infestations, call a mold remediation expert.

Contact Our Team of Mold Attorneys for a Review Today

Mold can harm your child’s health. If your landlord ignored water damage, excess moisture, or visible mold, they may be responsible for your child’s medical issues. You don’t have to deal with this alone.

A legal team can help you:

• Prove negligence: Gather mold inspection reports, medical records, and proof of unsafe conditions.
• Seek compensation: Recover costs for medical bills, relocation, and mold remediation.
• Hold landlords accountable: Protect your child’s health and future tenants from the same risks.

Time matters. Mold exposure cases require strong evidence, and waiting too long can weaken your claim. A free consultation can give you the answers you need.

Take the first step. Contact the Law Office of Paul Mankin today to discuss your rights.

by Paul Mankin

How to Tell the Difference Between Toxic Black Mold and Mildew

Are you seeing dark spots on your walls, ceilings, or windowsills? I’m not sure if it’s toxic black mold or mildew. Both thrive in damp areas and signal a moisture problem, but they require different solutions.

Ignoring the issue can lead to bigger problems, including health risks and structural damage. The key is knowing what you’re dealing with and how to handle it safely.

In this guide, you’ll learn how to identify black mold vs. mildew, test for growth, and decide when to call a professional.

What Is Mold vs. Mildew?

Mold and mildew are both fungi that thrive in damp areas, but they aren’t the same. Knowing the difference helps you take the right action before the problem spreads.

Mold

Color

Mold appears in black, green, white, or yellow patches. Toxic black mold (Stachybotrys chartarum) is dark green or black and often slimy.

Physical Characteristics

Mold is fuzzy, slimy, has a musty smell, or is thick. It spreads deep into drywall, wood, and insulation, making it harder to remove. It thrives in basements, attics, crawl spaces, and anywhere with high moisture levels. Water damage, HVAC leaks, and humidity speed up its growth.

Mildew

Color

Mildew is usually white, gray, or yellow. Over time, it can turn brown or black.

Physical Characteristics

Mildew growth is flat and powdery. It grows on damp surfaces like bathrooms, windowsills, shower tiles, and fabric. Unlike mold, mildew stays on the surface and doesn’t burrow into materials.

Mildew has a musty smell and can cause minor health issues like runny nose, sneezing, and skin irritation. It’s easier to clean with bleach, exhaust fans, or a dehumidifier. Mildew tends to smell stale, while mold usually smells stronger and earthier.

How to Test for Mold or Mildew 

Mold and mildew don’t always grow in plain sight. Musty odors, water stains, and damp surfaces can signal problems before you see any growth. Testing helps you confirm what’s spreading in your home and how to handle it.

Check for Visible Signs

Start with a visual inspection. Look for black, green, or white patches on drywall, windowsills, basements, attics, and crawl spaces. Mold often hides behind walls or under carpets, especially in damp areas with past water damage.

A musty smell is a red flag. Even if you don’t see mold, lingering odors mean mold spores could be in the air or inside HVAC vents. 

Use a Home Mold Test Kit

A DIY mold inspection kit can detect mold spores in the air or on surfaces. These kits collect samples that you can send to a lab for identification. They won’t tell you the types of mold present but can confirm whether a mold problem exists.

When using a test kit, check multiple areas:

• Basement and crawl spaces (high moisture levels)
• Bathrooms and laundry rooms (damp surfaces, poor ventilation)
• Kitchens and under sinks (hidden leaks)
• HVAC systems and air vents (spore circulation)

If the test is positive, a mold inspection from a professional can determine the affected area and severity of the infestation.

Schedule a Professional Assessment

A certified mold inspector can identify mold types, check for mycotoxins, and measure humidity levels. The EPA recommends professional testing for black mold growth. Mold remediation experts use specialized tools to detect hidden mold inside walls, attics, and crawl spaces.

A professional assessment is necessary if:

• Mold covers more than 10 square feet 
• You have persistent respiratory issues, asthma attacks, or allergic reactions
• There is toxic black mold or extensive water damage
• The mold returns after cleaning

Check for Water Leaks and Humidity Levels

Mold thrives in high humidity and damp conditions. Inspect HVAC systems, exhaust fans, and crawl spaces for trapped moisture. Check for water leaks around windows, ceilings, and pipes. A dehumidifier can help keep moisture levels low and prevent future infestations.

If you find mold, avoid scrubbing it dry, and remember that this does not address the underlying moisture issues. Call a mold removal specialist for larger infestations.

Health Risks and Effects of Mold Exposure

Mold spores travel through the air, triggering allergic reactions, respiratory problems, and long-term health issues. 

Early Symptoms of Mold Exposure

In the early stages, mold exposure may feel like a mild allergy. Common symptoms include:

• Sneezing and runny nose
• Sore throat and coughing
• Itchy eyes and skin irritation
• Musty odor sensitivity

People with mold allergies may react faster. Symptoms often get worse in damp areas like crawl spaces, attics, and bathrooms.

Long-Term Health Effects

Research links black mold exposure to neurological symptoms, lung inflammation, and long-term respiratory damage. Infants, elderly individuals, and people with existing conditions face a higher risk. Mold exacerbates various health problems.

FAQs About Mold Remediation

Can running an air purifier help with mold?

An air purifier with a HEPA filter can trap mold spores, improving air quality, but it won’t stop mold from spreading. To remove mold completely, you need to fix moisture issues and clean affected areas.

Does bleach kill mold?

Bleach is not recommended because it doesn’t kill mold spores deep inside drywall, wood, or insulation. Mold remediation often requires stronger treatments or professional removal of affected home materials.

Can mold spread from one room to another?

Yes. Mold spores travel through the air, spreading through HVAC systems, vents, and clothing. Once mold takes hold in a damp area, it can infest multiple rooms quickly. Stopping mold early prevents larger infestations and expensive cleanups.

When to Seek Professional Help with a Review 

Mold in a rental property can be a legal issue. Landlords are responsible for maintaining safe living conditions under tenant rights laws. You may need legal help if:

• Your landlord ignores written requests for mold removal
• The believe mold is affecting your health or personal property
• You’re facing eviction or rent disputes after reporting mold
• Your landlord is withholding your security deposit due to mold damage

A lawyer can help you understand your lease agreement, state laws, and legal options. In some cases, you may seek compensation for property damage, medical costs, and relocation expenses.

Take Action Before It Gets Worse

Mold doesn’t go away on its own. If your landlord won’t act, or if the problem is beyond DIY fixes, it’s time to get professional help. Schedule a consultation with the Law Office of Paul Mankin to review your options today.

by Paul Mankin

Tenant Rights: Mold Responsibility and Fixing Timelines

Mold in a rental unit can harm your health and damage your home. If you’ve spotted mold in your apartment, you might be wondering: Is your landlord responsible? How long do they have to fix it?

The answer depends on state laws, lease agreements, and the severity of the mold problem. If your landlord ignores the issue, you have rights. 

In this guide, you’ll learn who is responsible, how long repairs should take, and what steps you can take if your landlord won’t act.

Is It the Landlord’s Responsibility to Fix Mold in Apartments?

Mold can spread fast. It grows in damp spaces, feeds on moisture, and releases mold spores that can cause respiratory problems and other health issues. If mold is in your rental unit, who must fix it?

When the Landlord Must Act

Landlords in California must keep rental properties in habitable condition. That means fixing leaky pipes, poor ventilation, and water damage that lead to mold growth. If mold appears due to a maintenance issue, the landlord must remove it and prevent it from returning.

Some types of mold, like black mold, pose serious health risks. If mold exposure affects your well-being, your landlord must act in a reasonable amount of time. A delay could lead to property damage, personal injury claims, or legal action.

When Mold Becomes the Tenant’s Responsibility

The tenant is responsible for reporting mold damage immediately in most standard rental contracts. Failing to report a mold problem can make you responsible for remediation costs. Your rental contract may also require you to take reasonable steps to avoid moisture damage.

Mold often follows water damage from leaks, floods, or plumbing issues. A musty smell can be an early warning sign, even if mold isn’t visible. The tenant must notify the landlord promptly when they notice signs of mold, leaks, or moisture.

How Long Does a Landlord Have to Fix Mold? 

California law doesn’t specify an exact timeline for landlords to fix mold problems, but they must act in a timely manner based on the severity of the moisture issue.

In most cases:

• 24-48 hours for severe cases, such as black mold or mold linked to a health hazard.
• 3-7 days for moderate mold growth affecting living conditions.
• Up to 30 days for minor mold problems that do not pose immediate health risks.

Understanding California Mold Laws for Renters

California landlord-tenant laws protect renters when landlords fail to act. If mold threatens your health, safety, or belongings, you have legal options.

Landlord Disclosure Requirements

Landlords must disclose known mold issues if they exceed safe levels or pose a health risk. Under California Health & Safety Code § 26147, landlords must provide a written notice before signing a rental agreement if they know about mold in the unit.

There are no federal mold disclosure laws, but California law considers visible mold, dampness, and water damage a health hazard.

Rent Withholding: Can Stop Paying Rent?

In California, some renters have attempted to pause rent payments when mold creates unsafe living conditions. This is sometimes called rent withholding, and it should not be attempted without legal advice.

This approach tends to come up when:

• The mold issue is severe and affects livability.
• Tenants have given written notice and allowed time for repairs.
• There’s documentation—like mold inspection reports, photos, or medical notes.

It’s not without risk. Some landlords may still pursue eviction. But in certain cases, tenants who act in good faith may find support under state law.

Repair and Deduct: What Others Have Tried

Some tenants in California have taken matters into their own hands. They hire professionals to fix serious mold issues and deduct the cost from their rent. This is often referred to as the “repair and deduct” method.

Typically, the steps include:

• Notifying the landlord in writing.
• Keeping the repair cost under one month’s rent.
• Using this option no more than twice in a 12-month span.

It’s a path taken in urgent situations. That said, landlords may disagree with the deductions. Clear communication and solid records are key.

Constructive Eviction: Leaving Because It’s Unlivable

There are situations where renters feel forced to move out because of mold. Some have described this as constructive eviction—when conditions make the home unfit to live in.

The idea stems from California laws that require landlords to provide livable housing. If mold isn’t addressed, and it stems from things like leaky pipes or long-standing issues, some renters have left early without paying penalties.

Those who’ve gone this route often:

• Document the mold and all communication.
• Seek health or inspection reports.
• Let the landlord know why they’re moving.

This is a complex area. Outcomes can vary. But when renters can show they lived in unsafe conditions, courts have sometimes taken their side.

Mold Damage and Security Deposits

Landlords can deduct mold cleanup costs from a security deposit if a tenant caused the problem through poor cleanliness or excessive moisture.

Under California Civil Code § 1950.5(g), landlords must:

• Provide a written explanation of the mold damage within 21 days of move-out
• Return the remainder of the security deposit if deductions are made

Legal Action Against Negligent Landlords

If a landlord refuses to fix mold issues, you may have grounds to sue for:

• Property damage caused by mold infestation.
• Medical expenses due to respiratory problems or toxic mold exposure.
• Relocation costs if the rental unit becomes uninhabitable.

Some California cities, like San Francisco, treat mold as a public health nuisance under San Francisco Health Code § 581(b)(6). Tenants can sue landlords who fail to remove visible mold under local nuisance laws.

Contact Our Team of Mold Attorneys for a Review Today

Mold spreads. It damages your home, ruins your belongings, and puts your health at risk. If your landlord won’t act, you don’t have to wait. You have rightsーand legal advice options.

How to Spot Mold Before It Gets Worse

• Check for visible mold. Look in bathrooms, kitchens, and areas with excessive moisture.
• Pay attention to smells. A musty odor often means hidden mold growth.
• Look for water damage. Stains on walls or ceilings could mean a leaky pipe is feeding mold.
• Use exhaust fans and a dehumidifier. Reducing excess moisture can help prevent future health problems.

A free consultation can help you understand your rights and next steps. Schedule a review with the Law Office of Paul Mankin today.